De-carbonized Hydrogen and Electricityfrom Natural Gas.ppt

De-carbonized Hydrogen and Electricityfrom Natural Gas Stefano Consonni Federico Viganò Princeton Environmental Institute Princeton University Second Annual Conference on Carbon Sequestration Washington, May 5-8, 2003 Large Scale Production of H2 from Fossil Fuels Four Related Papers Prepared Under Princeton University’s Carbon Mitigation Initiative Presented Here 2) “Conventional technology” 3) Membrane reactors 4) Overview 1) FTR vs. ATR with CC CO2 Capture Refineries, chemicals, NH3 production in China 2) “Conventional technology” Almost all H2 produced today CO2 Venting Coal Residuals Natural Gas Production of hydrogen from natural gas is widespread in the refining and chemical industry In many cases, co-produced electricity is zero or negative CO2 made available at moderate concentrations and pressures (partial pressure 5-15 bar) CO2 is generally vented (production of urea is a notable exception) A number of well-established, mature technologies are commercially available to co-produce hydrogen, electricity and CO2 Background Understand thermodynamic and technological issues Assess performances achievable with commercially available technologies Understand trade-offs among hydrogen, electricity and CO2 production Build a reference for comparisons with alternative feedstocks (particularly coal) and advanced technologies Following step: assess costs Purpose of this study Large scale plants: approx. 600 MW (LHV) of nat gas input, H2 output 300-450 MW (LHV) Stand-alone plants: no steam or chemical integration with adjoining process Feedstock is “commercial” nat gas with enough sulfur and paraffins to require de-sulfurization and pre-reforming Two steam reforming technologies: oxygen-blown, Auto-Thermal Reforming (ATR) and Fired Tubular Reforming (FTR) Two power plant options: “conventional” Rankine Steam Cycle (SC) and Combined Cycle (CC) CO2 venting vs CO2 capture by amine chemical absorption Total of eight plant configurations Basic Assumptions Al