Deixis指示语.ppt

Essentials in Pragmatics, Fall 2011 Deixis指示语 Professor Shaozhong Liu, Ph.D. (Pragmatics) / Ph.D. (Higher Education) College of Foreign Studies, Guilin University of Electronic Technology Homepage: /Personal/szliu Blog: Email: shaozhong@ 10/12/2011 Essentials in Pragmatics, Fall 2011 * Objectives and SLOs Objectives Familiarize students with to the concept Deixis Discuss its relationship with Pragmatics Student learning outcomes (SLOs) Be able to define the concept Be able to illustrate with examples Be able to analyze it in utterances 10/12/2011 Essentials in Pragmatics, Fall 2011 * Defining deixis Deixis is a technical term (from Greek) for one of the most basic things we do with utterances. It means ‘pointing’ via language. Any linguistic form used to accomplish this ‘pointing’ is called a deictic expression. (When you notice a strange object and ask, ‘What’s that?’, you are using a deictic expression ‘that’ to indicate something in the immediate context. Deictic expressions are also sometimes called indexicals. Deictic expressions are among the first forms to be spoken by very young children. (Yule, 1996/2000, p.9) 10/12/2011 Essentials in Pragmatics, Fall 2011 * All deictic expressions depend, for their interpretation, on the speaker and hearer sharing the same context. Deictic expressions have their most basic uses in face-to-face spoken interaction where uttterances are easily understood by the people present, but may need a translation for someone not right there. (Yule, 1996/2000, p.9) Deixis is clearly a form of referring that is tied to the speaker’s context, with the most basic distinction between deictic expressions being ‘near speaker’ versus ‘away from speaker’. In English, the ’near speaker’ or proximal terms, are ‘this’, ‘here’, ‘now’. The ‘away from speaker’, or distal terms, are ‘that’, ‘there’, ‘then’. (Yule, 1996/2000, p.9) 10/12/2011 Essentials in Pragmatics, Fall 2011 * Proximal terms are typically interpreted in terms of the speak