媒体包容性：概念、模型及实现.docVIP

媒体包容性：概念、模型及实现 ——以视听媒体为例 李东晓1 [丹麦]皮特·奥拉夫·鲁姆斯2 （1.浙江大学 传媒与国际文化学院，浙江 杭州 310028；2. Peter Olaf Looms, 丹麦技术大学 应用数学与计算机科学系，哥本哈根 林比 2800） □丁方舟 译 [摘 要]当前媒体可及性的设计模型（比如电视和网络媒体）通常只关注盲聋者群体，尚未将更广泛的残障者纳入考量范围。本文则试图从更广义的范围内来考虑媒体可及性的问题。文章首先探讨了“残疾人”以及媒体目标用户（以电视为例）的含义——媒体可及性的对象是否可以扩展到更广的残障者范围？而后，本文考察了媒体内容传播过程中的各种障碍，并试图运用“包容性”金字塔模型来对此加以说明，在这一模型中，“可用性”、“可及性”、“易用性”、“数字素养”等概念被纳入不同层级的考量范围。第三部分讨论现有的设计模型能够在何种程度上帮助人们设计无障碍的媒体，并以电视媒体为例做了详细说明。最后，本文将根据中国当前的信息无障碍建设状况，对其电视媒体及网络媒体中的视听媒体内容的可及性实现提出对策建议。 [关键词]媒体可及性；媒体无障碍；视听媒体 Media Accessibility：Conception，Model and Designing Li Dongxiao Peter Olaf Looms (1．College of Media and International Cultural,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China； 2. Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science，Danish Technical University，Lynby 2800，Denmark) Abstract: Current design models for ensuring the accessibility of media such as television and the Web often focus narrowly on the needs of selected groups of persons with disabilities, viewers who are blind or deaf. The paper aims to demonstrate that by shifting the focus of our design model from disability to accessibility, and by ensuring the active participation of all the key stakeholders more can be done with the same resources. To do so, the paper addresses key concepts and what is meant by accessible, or barrier-free media and applies the findings to TV and online video accessibility in China. Section 1 of this paper discusses the connotations of ‘disability’ and the target users of media (using TV as an example) - should the scope be restricted to recognised disabilities or far broader? Section 2 looks at the various barriers to media enjoyment and proposes the use of an ‘inclusion’ pyramid in which ‘availability’, accessibility’, ‘usability’ and ‘digital literacy’ are arranged hierarchically. Section 3 addresses the extent to which current design models help us to design accessible media and describes the design of television services, channels, programmes and interstitials by applying the WINI