从近代企业制度的角度观清末铁路“商办”政策的失利——以商办川汉铁路公司为例.pdfVIP

第 36 卷第 3 期 2014 年 5 月 Vol.36 No.3 Journal of Tangshan Teachers College May 2014 从近代企业制度的角度观清末铁路“商办”政策的失利 —— 以商办川汉铁路公司为例 杨 永 （安徽师范大学历史与社会学院，安徽 芜湖 241000 ） 摘 要：基于近代化的需求，清末中国开始了铁路建设。商办铁路借收回利权而兴起，成于实业救国之潮 流，但川汉等商办铁路历经数年仍未开工建造，并在清朝最后数年的商办期间表现出种种弊端，使得商办铁路 成功的希望渺茫。在资金筹集上来源的单一，资金管理上士绅化带来的混乱以及企业内部“官本位”的始终存 在，最终导致铁路“商办”政策的失败，反映了清末时期政府经济职能和体制的存在问题，同时也体现了这一 时期企业制度的特点。 关键词：铁路商办政策；商办川汉铁路公司；近代企业制度 K252 A 1009-9115(2014)03-0076-05 中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： DOI ：10.3969/j.issn.1009-9115.2014.03.020 The Analysis of the Rail “Exploding” Policy’s Failure in the Late Qing Dynasty from the Angle of the Modern Enterprise System by Taking Commercial Chuan Han Railway Company as an Example YANG Yong (School of History and Society, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China) Abstract: Based on the requirement of modernization, China railway construction began in the late Qing dynasty. Tradesmen rose by taking back economic rights and were active in the industrial trend of saving the nation. But Chuan Han business such as railway has been built after many years and in the last years of the Qing dynasty, the shortcomings began to show which made that there is no hope for business railway. There always exist the problems of single funding resources, chaotic fund management and internal ranking of officials” which eventually led to the failure of the failure. This reflects the problems in Qing dynasty’s economic functions of government which also embodies the characteristic of enterprise system during this period. Key Words: the railwa