下垫面差异对矿区坡面产流产沙的影响试验研究.pdfVIP

下垫面差异对矿区坡面产流产沙的影响试验研究 李强 占斌 鲁克新 张华丽 （西安理工大学水资源研究所） 摘要：针对神府东胜矿区煤田开采所引发的严重新增水土流失问题，本文利用模拟降雨试验，对神府东胜 矿区不同下垫面类型坡面的降雨产流、产沙差异及其原因进行了初步的研究。研究结果表明，在相同降雨 量下，神府东胜矿区的非硬化路面上的产流量最大，扰动坡面次之，原状坡面最小；在相同雨强下，不同 下垫面类型坡面的初始入渗率大小顺序为，扰动坡面原状坡面非硬化路面，比值为 1.7:1.1:1，同时， 随着降雨量的增大，不同小区的入渗率的差异逐渐减小；在相同降雨量下，原状坡面、扰动坡面和非硬化 路面径流小区的产沙量都与降雨量呈良好的线性关系，相关系数均大于0.90。研究指出，人为活动破坏了 神府东胜矿区的原状坡面的土壤结构，导致土壤可蚀性增加和土壤侵蚀量的增大，控制矿区开发建设项目 的人为扰动面积是减少水土流失的有效措施。 关键词：神府东胜矿区 下垫面 径流量 入渗率 产沙量 中图分类号： 文献标识码： Simulated Rainfall Experiment on the Effect of Different Underlying Surfaces on Runoff Generation and Sediment Yield in Shenfu Coal Mining Area Li Qiang Li Zhanbin Lu Kexin ZhangHuali （Institute of Water Resources, Xi an University, Xi an, 710048 ） Abstract: According to the severe newly-increased soil and water loss caused by the mining exploitation in the Shenfu-Dongsheng coal mining area, the effects of different underlying surfaces including undisturbed soil, disturbed soil and earth road on runoff generation and sediment yield on the slopes in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal mining area together with their reasons or mechanisms were analyzed preliminarily in the paper. The results indicated that, under the same simulated rainfall, the runoff generation amount of earth road is the biggest one among the above mentioned underlying surface plot, and that of undisturbed soil plot is smaller than disturbed soil plot. In addition, under the same rainfall intensity, the initial infiltration rate of disturbed soil plot was the biggest one among the different underlying surface plots, that of earth road plot was smaller than undisturbed soil plot, and all the infiltration rates of the different plots reduced with the i