实用英语词汇学(2).pptVIP

Word Formation General remarks Three major process of word formation: Compounding or composition (27%) Derivation or affixation (17.5%) Conversion (10.5%) Eight minor process of word formation Initialism and acronym e.g. UNESCO (9%) Blending (6%) Clipping (2%) Words from proper names e.g.xerox (2%) Back formation e.g.vacuumclean (1%) Neoclassical formation e.g. neurolinguistic (4%) Others (3%) Borrowing 18% Compounding Compounding or composition is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more free morphemes to form a new unit, a compound word. common, productive Definition Classicification Compounds found in the Course Requirement Definition A compound conveys a single idea, and functions as a separate lexical unit. Orthographic criterion: (a) solid: airplane, airmail (b) hyphenated: air-conditioning (c) open: air force, air raid flowerpot flower-pot flower pot Phonological A fat head a fat head A blackboard a black board A bluebottle a blue bottle A green room a green room Semantic: Derived from the combined lexical meanings of its components, which, as a rule, retain their lexical meanings. backdoor, sunset, Related to the meanings of its component parts blue blood, fat head Therefore, compounds can be said to have a meaning which is related to but cannot always be inferred from the meaning of its component parts. Classification Formed from various parts of speech, most common ones are: N+n ashtray, hydrogen bomb Adj+n blueprint, dark room Adv+n downtown, downfall N+-ing daydreaming, sightseeing Differs in parts of speech from its components breakneck adj.危险的 stonewall v. 阻碍,妨碍 Compounds are here classified according to parts of speech of the compounds: Noun compounds Adj. Compounds Verb compounds Which are then subdivided by the syntactic relation of the compounding elements. e.g. sightseeing see sight daydreaming dream during the day Noun Compounds Subject-verb: Headache, heartbeat, crybaby co