科学技术哲学-斯宾诺莎自然观及其对我国生态文明建设的启示 - 副本-已删姓名.docVIP

摘要 人类在自然中产生并存活，自然是人生存的基础。近代以来，人们对自然过度索取、广泛破坏，持续了三百多年，导致人与自然的关系空前紧张，生态、环境、资源危机严重，人类正处于危急存亡之秋。因此，人们试图从近代的开端，十七世纪的欧洲，寻找问题的起因和解决的启示。 斯宾诺莎是近代早期伟大而重要的犹太裔荷兰哲学家。他依据自然界中的万物“在他物内”与神“在自身内”的对立统一，确立了神与自然与实体三位一体的实体概念，建构了本体论-认识论-伦理学组成的完整的形而上学体系。他认为，人只是实体生成的有限样态，人的知性只能认识实体的广延与思维属性，不能认识其余无限多种属性，限定了人的知性的能力范围。作为有限样态的人须服从神的绝对命令。 斯宾诺莎自然观对我国生态文明建设的启示是，实体概念超越了二元对立逻辑，启发人们重新发现并尊重自然的生态价值；限定人的知性的能力范围，阻止以科学技术征服自然的野心，促成科学技术的生态转向；唤醒人们的生态道德意识；规范生态道德行为。 斯宾诺莎的思想对我国生态文明建设意义重大，但我们从环境哲学的角度研究斯氏思想的工作做得不足够，今后仍需更广泛、深入地研究。 关键词：斯宾诺莎，自然观，本体论，生态文明建设 Baruch de Spinoza’s Idea of Nature and its Inspiration to Chinese Ecological Civilization Construction Master Candidate: LiuWeiHua (Philosophy of Science and Technology) Directed by Professor YanGeng ABSTRACT The Nature is the foundation of human existence . However , since modern times , human beings plunder and harm the Nature for more than three hundred years . It make the relationship between human and the Nature become worse than ever before . People are in danger . Thus , people try to find out the cause of the ecological crisis and get some inspiration in the seventeenth century in Europe . Spinoza is a great and important early modern Dutch Jewish philosopher . Based on the unity of opposites between “ in se “ and “ in alio “ , he established the concept of Trinity of Deus and Natura and Substantia , constructed a complete metaphysical system consisting by Ontology – Epistemology – Ethics . He considered that , human is just the entity produced limited modus , humans nous can only know the space attribute and the thought attribute of the entity , and can not know unlimited kinds of attributes , defined the range of competence of human’s nous . human , as a kind of limited modus , must obey the orders of Deus . The inspiration of Spinoza ‘s idea of Nature is that , people should rediscover and to respect the ecological value of natural ; he represented the range of competence of human’s nous , let human beings abandon the ambitions of conquest of Natu