AE 1350Lecture Notes #6.ppt

AE 1350Lecture Notes #6 We have studied... Meaning of Incompressible Flow How and why speed of the flow affects compressibility Streamlines and stream tubes Continuity Equation Topics to be studied Conservation of Momentum Euler’s equation Conservation of Energy Bernoulli’s equation (even though Euler thought of it first.) Practical Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation Continuity Momentum Equation Momentum Equation (Contd..) Momentum Equation Bernoulli’s Equation Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation See examples 4.1 through 4.3 in the text. We will do more worked out examples at our next lecture. Important Applications include: Pitot Tube Venturi Meter Flow over airfoils The Venturi Meter How does the Venturi Meter work? That’s all folks!!! * Station 1 Density r1 Velocity V1 Area A1 Station 2 Density r2 Velocity V2 Area A2 Mass Flow Rate In = Mass Flow Rate Out r1 V1 A1 = r2 V2 A2 Based on Newton’s Second Law: Rate of Change of Momentum of a particle= Forces acting on it Consider an infinitesimally small slice of stream tube in space. Rate of change of momentum of the fluid particles within this stream tube must be due to forces acting on it. Density r velocity V Area =A Density r+dr velocity V+dV Area =A+dA Mass Flow Rate in = Mass Flow rate out r VA = (r+dr)(V+dV)(A+dA) Momentum rate in= Mass flow rate times velocity = rV2A Momentum Rate out= Mass flow rate times velocity = r VA (V+dV) Momentum Equation (Contd..) Density r velocity V Area =A Density r+dr velocity V+dV Area =A+dA Momentum rate in= Mass flow rate times velocity = rV2A Momentum Rate out= Mass flow rate times velocity = r VA (V+dV) Rate of change of momentum within this element = Momentum rate out - Momentum rate in = r VA (V+dV) - rV2A = r VA dV Momentum Equation (Contd..) Density r velocity V Area =A Density r+dr velocity V+dV Area =A+dA Rate of change of momentum as fluid particles flow through this element= r VA dV By Newton’s law, this momentum change must be caused by forces acting on thi