enzymes ch8,10-ENZYMES.ppt

ENZYMES Medical Biochemistry, Lecture 23 Lecture 23, Outline Definition of enzyme terms and nomenclature Description of general properties of enzymes Binding energy and transition states Catalytic mechanisms and functional groups In book, Chapters 8,10; Ignore pp 78-80 Recommended supplement for lectures 23-25: UNDERSTAND Biochemistry CD Enzyme Catalysis Overview Enzyme Nomenclature active site - a region of an enzyme comprised of different amino acids where catalysis occurs (determined by the tertiary and quaternary structure of each enzyme) substrate - the molecule being utilized and/or modified by a particular enzyme at its active site co-factor - organic or inorganic molecules that are required by some enzymes for activity. These include Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and larger molecules termed co-enzymes like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), coenzyme A, and many vitamins. Enzyme Nomenclature (cont) prosthetic group - a metal or other co-enzyme covalently bound to an enzyme holoenzyme - a complete, catalytically active enzyme including all co-factors apoenzyme - the protein portion of a holoenzyme minus the co-factors isozyme - (or iso-enzyme) an enzyme that performs the same or similar function of another enzyme. This generally arises due to similar but different genes encoding these enzymes and frequently is tissue-type specific or dependent on the growth or developmental status of an organism. Clinical Use of Enzymes Enzyme Activity in Body Fluids Reflects Organ Status: Cells die and release intracellular contents; increased serum activity of an enzyme can be correlated with quantity or severity of damaged tissues (ex. creatine kinase levels following heart attack) Increased enzyme synthesis can be induced and release in serum correlates with degree of stimulation (ex. alkaline phosphatase activity as a liver status marker) Clinical Use of Enzymes (cont) Enzyme Activity Reflects the Presence of Inhibitors or Activators Activity of serum enzymes decreas