第六章（二） 光形态建成.ppt

第六章(二) 光形态建成 Light has profound effects on the development of plants. ⑴光是绿色植物光合作用所必需的； ⑵光调节植物整个生长发育。 光形态建成(photomorphogenesis) ：The light-mediated changes in plant growth and development are called photomorphogenesis. 依赖光控制细胞的分化、结构和功能的改变、最终汇集成组织和器官的建成，亦称光控制发育过程。 它是低能反应，光只作为一个信号去激发光受体，推 动细胞内的一系列反应，最终表现为形态结构的变化。 光受体(Photoreceptor)： ⑴ 光敏色素(Phytochrome )：红光及远红光 ⑵隐花色素(Cryptochromes )：蓝光和近紫外光 ⑶UV-B受体(UV-specific photoreceptors )：紫外光B区域 第一节 光敏色素的发现和分布 一、Brief History of Phytochrome Research 1918 -Garner and Allard - Maryland Mammoth Tobacco, a spontaneous giant strain of tobacco that wouldnt flower in the field. Discovered that flowering was controlled by photoperiod. It has been estimated that about $10,000 was spent over 10 years on the research that led to the discovery of photoperiodism（光周期反应）. Brief History of Phytochrome Research 1930 -Site of induction is the leaf. Florigen/antiflorigen hypothesis （成花素假说）developed. 1940 -Borthwick, Parker and Hendricks built the Beltsville spectrograph. Discover that red light is the most effective night break for inhibiting flowering in SDP and for promoting flowering in LDP. Suggested same pigment for different type of plants. Brief History of Phytochrome Research 1952，红光促进种子发芽，而远红光抑制之。 1950s -Vivian Toole, Borthwick, Hendricks find that far-red light inhibits germination in lettuce seed and that the response was red/far-red reversible. Pr/Pfr model proposed. Brief History of Phytochrome Research 1959，美国Butlerd等发现： 黄化玉米的幼苗 经红光处理后，红光吸收减少，远红红光吸收增加； 用远红光处理，则相反； 若轮流照射，吸收光谱多次可逆的变化。说明：红光-远红光可逆反应的光受体可能是存在两种形式的单一色素。 1964 ， Siegelman and Firer :phytochrome from etiolated oats (Avena sativa) was reported Brief History of Phytochrome Research 1980 -Dimer model proposed to explain wide fluence range and very low fluence response. 1983 - Vierstra and Quail reported successful purification of fully intact, native phytochrome from etiolated oat seedlings . Brief History of Phytochrome Resear