诗体学基本知识.pptVIP

Prosody Prosody is the theory of rhyme and meter. Knowing prosody is to poetry what reading sheet music is to music. The Stanza: a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. The poetic equivalent of a paragraph. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought, much like a paragraph. The line: a single line of poetry. The foot: a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. 英文诗每行的第一个字母都大写，但是一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子，不一定能表达一个完整的意思。有时候，一行诗正好是一句，有时两行甚至许多行才构成一个意思完整的句子。前者叫end-stopped line（结句行），后者叫run-on line.（跨行句）。这是英文诗与中国诗的最大区别之一。中国诗歌都是一行表达一个完整的意思。看下面一节诗： I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight. 前两行是end-stopped line，后两行是run-on line。读跨行句诗，行末停顿较短。跨行句在英文诗歌中极其普遍，有时十来行才成一完整句子。刚学英文诗的人，对此往往不习惯。对此我们需加注意。  诗行的长短以音步数目计算： 英文诗行的长度范围一般是一音步——五音步。六、七、八音步的诗行也有，但不多。最多的是四音步、五音步的诗。 （各种长短诗行的专门术语：一音步诗：monometer 二音步诗：dimeter三音步诗：trimeter四音步诗：tetrameter 五音步诗：pentameter 六音步诗：hexameter 七音步诗：heptameter八音步诗：octameter.） 在分析一首诗的格律时，既要考律此诗的基本音步类型，也要考律此诗中诗行的音步数目。 音步: 英诗中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octameter)。 To scan a line of poetry (that means to hear the rhythm) you count the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. This doesnt always work (some feet contain 2 stresses), but it will work often enough to give you the feel of the poem, which is all that were after at this point. In verse (traditional, formal poetry), there will be a regular pattern to the rhythm. Often, all the lines in a poem will contain the same number of feet. For example, in a sonnet, all the lines will have 5 feet. I