材料测试技术chapter.10.docVIP

Part II: Metal-Casting Processes and Equipment 金属铸造工艺与设备 Forming: 成型 Molding: 造型 Powder metallurgy:　粉末冶金 Pouring:　浇注 Ornament:　装饰物 Intricate: 复杂的 Hollow: 中空的 Fig. II. 1 Cast parts in a typical automobile, 图２．１　一个典型的汽车中的铸造部件 Water pump: 水泵 Pulley: 滑轮 Grill: 栅栏 Intake and exhaust manifold: 进气和排气管 Disk brake: 刹车片 Brake drum: 制动鼓 Brake cylinder: 闸缸 Lettering:　编字码 Differential housing: 差速机壳 Transmission housing: 变速机壳 Engine block: 汽缸体 Carburetor: 化油器 Piston: 阳模 Alternator housing: 同步发电机壳 Fig. II. 2. Outline of metal-casting processes described in part II. 图II.2. 在第二章中所描述的金属铸造工艺概要 10 fundamentals of metal-casting: 金属铸造基础 For this chapter, it was divided into these parts: Introduction: 简介 Solidification of metals: 金属的凝固 Fluid flow: 流体流动 Fluidity of molten metal: 熔融金属的流动性 Heat transfer: 热传递 Defects: 缺陷 First, 1. Introduction The casting process basically involves three steps: pouring molten metal into a mold patterned after the part to be manufactured; (把熔融金属浇注到加工好的模具型腔) allowing it to cool and solidify （冷却和凝固） removing the metal from the mold （从模具中取出金属） As we know, the casting is the oldest process to manufacture part of tool in the human being’s history, because it has many advantages compared with other manufactured processes as follows: complex shapes, such as differential housing (差速机壳) used in the automobile, crankshaft （曲轴） and so on; Very large part, such as engine housing used in the ship making. Utilize the work pieces that other manufactured processes can not produce of uneconomic, such as turbine blade (涡轮机叶片). So, it is essential for us to understand the fundamentals of metal casting by studying this book hard. There are some important considerations in the casting operation as follows: The flow of the molten metal into the mold cavity: 熔融金属流入模具型腔, Fluidity. The cooling and solidification of metal in the mold: 金属在模具中的冷却和凝固: heat transfer: 热传导. The influence of different type of mold materials, different heat transferring ability, 不同的模具材料具有不同的热传导能力. In this pa