纳斯卡线和文化.ppt

Nazca lines and culture ----纳斯卡线与文化 资料来自网络 致谢 纳斯卡线条(Nazca Lines) 纳斯卡线条(Nazca Lines) 位于秘鲁南部的纳斯卡地区，是存在了2000年的谜局：一片绵延几公里的线条，构成各种生动的图案，镶刻在大地之上，至今仍无人能破解——究竟是谁创造了纳斯卡线条、它们又是怎样创造出来的、神秘线条背后意味着什么，因此纳斯卡线条被列入十大迷团。 The Nazca Lines 【’n?zk? 】are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. They were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The high, arid plateau stretches more than 80 kilometres (50?mi) between the towns of Nazca and Palpa on the Pampas de Jumana about 400?km south of Lima. Although some local geoglyphs resemble Paracas motifs， scholars believe the Nazca Lines were created by the Nazca culture between 400 and 650 AD. The hundreds of individual figures range in complexity from simple lines to stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks, orcas, llamas, and lizards. The lines are shallow designs made in the ground by removing the reddish pebbles and uncovering the whitish/grayish ground beneath. Hundreds are simple lines or geometric shapes; more than seventy are zoomorphic designs of animals such as birds, fish, llamas, jaguar, monkey, or human figures. Other designs include phytomorphic shapes such as trees and flowers. The largest figures are over 200 metres (660?ft) across. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs, but in general they ascribe religious significance to them. Other theories have been summarized as follows: The geometric ones could indicate the flow of water or be connected to rituals to summon water. The spiders, birds, and plants could be fertility symbols. Other possible explanations include: irrigation schemes or giant astronomical calendars.“ Due to the dry, windless, and stable climate of the plateau and its isolation, for the most part the lines have been preserved. Extremely rare changes in weather may temporarily alter the general designs. Discovery and construction Contrary to the popular belief that the lines and figures can only be seen with the aid of flight, th