微量溶质元素在金属晶界的偏聚.pdfVIP

　～综 　述～ 微量溶质元素在金属晶界的偏聚 林文松 (上海工程技术大学材料工程学院 ,上海 200336) 摘 　要 :溶质元素在金属晶界的偏聚可以分为两类 ,即平衡偏聚和非平衡偏聚。本文回顾了这两类偏聚现象 及其机理 ,着重讨论分析了有重要工程用途的三类典型的晶界偏聚 :硼在奥氏体晶界的两类偏聚的 实验规律及对硼钢淬透性影响 ;磷在奥氏体晶界的平衡偏聚及对钢回火脆性的作用 ,钢中的其他合 金元素对磷的偏聚的影响 ;硼在多种金属间化合物的偏聚及对这些金属间化合物塑性的影响及其机 理。 关键词 :平衡偏聚 ;非平衡偏聚 ; 晶界;硼钢 ; 回火脆性 中图分类号 :TG111. 2 　　　文献标识码 :A 　　　文章编号 :1008 - 1690( 2004) 02 - 0018 - 04 Segregation of Solute Elements on Metal Grain Boundaries LIN Wen - song ( Institute of Material Engineering ,Shanghai University of Engineering and Science ,shanghai 200336) Abstract :The segregation of solute elements on metal grain boundaries may be divided into two categories ,that is ,equi librium and non - equilibrium segregation. The segregations and their mechanism have been reviewed. The discussion and analysis are centred on three kinds of typical grain boundary segregation which will be of great use for engineering :experi mental law of the two types of segregation of boron on austenitic grain boundaries and their effect on the hardenablity of boron steel ,the equilibrium segregation of phosphorus on austenitic grain boundaries and its effect on tempering brittleness and the effect of the other alloying elements on the segregation of phosphorus ,and the segregation of boron in various in termetallic compounds and its effect on plasticity of the intermetallic compounds and mechanism. Key Words :equilibrium ;segregation ;non - equilibrium segregation ;grain boundary ;boron steel ;tempering brittleness ) 　　溶质原子在晶界的偏聚很早就被人们所熟知 , 量元素 在晶界的偏聚有非常重要的实际意义。 并被广泛应用于钢的热处理实践中。最新的研究表 1 　元素在晶界的偏聚现象及其机理 明 ,晶界偏聚不但对金属材料的力学性能和化学性 元素特别是