化工热力学---chapter3 Volumetric Properties of Pure Fluids.pptVIP

Chapter 3Volumetric Properties of Pure Fluids 3.1 PVT BEHAVIOR OF PURE SUBSTANCES PV Diagram Single-Phase region f (P, V, T) = 0 This equation is called an equation of state. If V is considered a function of T and P, then V=V(T, P) 3.2 VIRIAL EQUATIONS OF STATE 3.3 THE IDEAL GAS The equation of state: PV = RT An internal energy that is a function of temperature only: U = U(T) H = U + PV = U(T) + RT = H(T) Implied Property relations for an Ideal Gas Equation for Process Calculations: Ideal Gases Isothermal Process ΔU = 0 According to the first law: ΔU = Q + W Adiabatic Process An adiabatic process is one for which there is no heat transfer between the system and its surroundings. dQ = 0 dW = dU = CVdT dW = -PdV=-RTdV/ V Polytropic Process TVδ-1 = constant TP (1-δ)/δ = constant PVδ = constant Where 1δγ Irreversible Process Process produces work, W = WR×η Process requires work, W = WR/η 3.4 APPLICATION OF THE VIRIAL EQUATIONS Example 3.7 Reported values for the virial coefficients of isopropanol vapor at 200℃ are: B=-388 cm3/mol, C=-26,000 cm6 mol-2 Calculate V and Z for isopropanol vapor at 200 ℃ and 10 bar by: The ideal-gas equation. Equation(3.37) Equation(3.39) Solution 3.7 (a)For an ideal gas, Z=1 3.5 CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE The van der Waals Equation of State Determination of Equation-of-State Parameters Redlich-Kwong Equation of state SRK Equation of State Proposed by Soave in 1972. Peng-Robinson Equation of State Multi-parameters Equation of StateBWR Equation SUMMARY Van der Waals RK RKS PR Virial(two or three terms) BWR Martin-Hou Theorem of Corresponding states; Acentric Factor A Generic Cubic Equation of State Vapor Vapor-Like Roots of the Generic Cubic Equation of State In practice commonly solved by iterative procedures. To avoid convergence problems, the equation is rearranged: Liquid Liquid-Like Roots of the Generic Cubic Equation of State Example 3