21世纪哺乳动物胚胎生物工程发展趋向.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2008,41(8):2425-2430 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.08.029 21世纪哺乳动物胚胎生物工程发展趋向 朱士恩 （中国农业大学动物科技学院，北京100193） 摘要：动物胚胎生物工程主要是指在实验室条件下，对动物胚胎进行人为干预、改造和操作，按照人们的意 愿生产某种性别或特定功能动物的实践。进入21世纪以来，动物胚胎生物工程技术发展迅速，研究不断深入，在 动物配子/胚胎超低温冷冻保存、MOET 育种、性别鉴定与控制、转基因、克隆和胚胎干细胞分离与培养技术等研 究领域取得了令人瞩目的成就，同时也突现了许多新的研究热点和存在的问题。该文围绕哺乳动物配子与胚胎生 物工程中几个热点研究进行简述。 关键词：配子/胚胎；冷冻保存；性别控制；转基因；克隆；胚胎干细胞 Trends in Mammalian Embryo Bioengineering in the 21st Century ZHU Shi-en (College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193) Abstract: Mammalian embryo bioengineering refers to the technologies with which embryos are intervened, manipulated and modified in Lab conditions and animals with special function or specific sex are produced according to man’s will. After entering into the 21st century, mammalian embryo bioengineering technologies have gained rapid development, the researches are going further and significant achievements have been made in areas such as gamete/embryo cryopreservation, MOET breeding, sex identification and control, transgene technology, cloning, isolation and culture of embryonic stem cell. Meanwhile, lots of new interests together with some new problems have sprung out. The paper has discussed in detail some hotspots in mammalian gamete/embryo bioengineering. Key words: Gamete/embryo; Cryopreservation; Sex control; Transgene; Cloning; Embryonic stem cells 仪改变玻璃化冷冻过程中热传导速度，控制细胞内冰 1 动物配子和胚胎的超低温冷冻保存 晶的扩散，其冷源为“超冷”液氮（－210