6.4英语文学学习.ppt

On mental rotation (Shepard, Kosslyn, et al.) direct proportionality between time and angle more complex objects /3D objects: longer times identical images in different scales: scale difference proportional to identification times activation of motor areas in the brain critical angle for letters: 120° Spatial reasoning in language and mind introspective reports on simple relation tasks using comparative adjectives: The Empire State building is higher than the Eiffel tower. mental comparison based on spatial descriptions: Cathy is taller than Linda. Linda is taller than Mary. ? Cathy is taller than Mary. spatial descriptions in language: triggering of mental models - simplified reality, cf.: The knife is in front of the vase. The vase is on the left of the glass. The glass is behind the dish. represented symmetrically with equal distances way descriptions: turns always with 90° angle Temporal cognition temporal phenomena considered: physical time biological time time as a philosophical and abstract concept “perceived” time time in language physical: Newton’s notion of time Absolute, true, and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably without regard to anything external, and by another name is called duration: relative, apparent, and common time, is some sensible and external (whether accurate or unequable) measure of duration by the means of motion, which is commonly used instead of true time; such as an hour, a day, a month. Temporal concepts in the sciences Einstein’s model of the universe: time considered as the 4th dimension physical processes are reversible paradox of time (Prigogine et al.) biological time: circadian rhythms of living organisms psychological time: cause-effect relationships - inferences base on temporal arrangements of events - “real time” is mediated (lateral inhibition) - segmentation of cognitive processing (cf. slips-of-the-tongue) Temporal perception and language correlates Miller/J