尖端技术突破.doc

尖端技术突破 座谈小组鉴定了TA02中的四项尖端技术突破，此四项技术突破均与NASA空间任务运输方面所要求的安全性、可靠性、实用性相挂钩。 按重要性分列如下： 1. 高能电力推进系统（EP） 高能电力推进系统（简称EP系统）这项技术可满足高强度任务下的机械巨大负荷要求。 EP系统比其他空间推进技术更高效，在不远的未来有望实现应用于NASA的全部作业，国防部和其他商用航天任务领域。 具体而言，低频EP系统当前主要应用于小型机器人的星际探索任务（比如隼鸟号和黎明号），绕地同步通讯卫星的二次推进（比如极高频卫星）和定轨航天器一类（比如绕地卫星和商用通讯卫星）。 高频EP系统（30kw到600kw）的发展将大大增加航天飞行器的最大负荷，同时将促进以下各方面发展：更高效的空间运输系统，对近地天地（NEOs）的标本采集，火星探索，外层空间探索（比例对婚神星的探索任务可以扩大到对木星的探索），地球内部资源开发系统的前瞻和人类外星移民任务。 2. Cryogenic Storage and Transfer. Enable long-term storage and transfer of cryogens in space and reliable cryogenic engine operation after long dormant periods in space. Deep space exploration missions will require high-performance propulsion for all mission phases, including Earth departure, destination arrival, destination departure, and Earth return, occurring over the entire mission duration. Both high-thrust propulsion options, LOX/H2 chemical propulsion and LH2 nuclear thermal rocket (NTR), will require storage of cryogens for well over a year to support all mission phases. Chemical and NTR engines must also operate reliably after being dormant for the same period. While LOX can currently be stored for extended periods, LH2 boil-off rates using state-of-the-art technology are far too high for deep-space missions, allowing only a few days of storage. Additionally, cryogenic fluid transfer technology would enable other exploration architectures, including propellant aggregation and the use of propellants produced using ISRU facilities. This technical challenge is enabling for the most plausible transportation architectures for human exploration beyond the Moon. 3. Microsatellites: Develop high-performance propulsion technologies for high-mobility microsatellites (100 kg). The broader impact of small satellites is hindered by the lack of propulsion systems with performance levels similar to those utilized in larger satellites (high ?V, high Isp, low mass fractions, etc.). Most existing propulsion systems are not amenable for miniaturization and work P