EE 369Power Systems Engineering.ppt

* Customer Choice * The Result for California in 2000/1 OFF OFF * The California-Enron Effect Source : /cneaf/electricity/chg_str/regmap.html RI AK electricity restructuring delayed restructuring no activity suspended restructuring WA OR NV CA ID MT WY UT AZ CO NM TX OK KS NE SD ND MN IA WI MO IL IN OH KY TN MS LA AL GA FL SC NC W VA VA PA NY VT ME MI NH MA CT NJ DE MD AR HI DC * August 14th, 2003 Blackout * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EE 369Power Systems Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction Slides by: Tom Overbye, University of Illinois With additions by Ross Baldick, University of Texas * Simple Power System Every power system has three major components: generation: source of power, ideally with a specified voltage and frequency load or demand: consumes power; ideally with a constant resistive value transmission system: transmits power; ideally as a perfect conductor Additional components include: distribution system: local reticulation of power, control equipment: coordinate supply with load. * Complications No ideal voltage sources exist. Loads are seldom constant and are typically not entirely resistive. Transmission system has resistance, inductance, capacitance and flow limitations. Simple system has no redundancy so power system will not work if any component fails. * Power Power: Instantaneous rate of consumption of energy, How hard you work! Power = voltage x current for dc Power Units: Watts = amps times volts (W) kW – 1 x 103 Watt MW – 1 x 106 Watt GW – 1 x 109 Watt Installed U.S. generation capacity is about 1000 GW ( about 3 kW per person) Maximum load of Austin about 2500 MW. Maximum load of UT campus about 50 MW. * Energy Energy: Integration of power over time, Energy is what people really want from a power system, How much work you accomplish over time. Energy Units: Joule = 1 watt-second (J) kWh – kilowatthour (3.6 x 106 J) Btu – 1055 J; 1 MBtu=0.292 MWh U.S. annual electric energy consump