CHAPTER 13 Quantum cryptography.ppt

Quantum cryptography CHAPTER 13: Quantum cryptography An important new feature of quantum cryptography is that security of quantum cryptographic protocols is based on the laws of nature – of quantum physics and not on the unproven assumptions of computational complexity . Quantum cryptography is the first area of information processing and communication in which quantum particle physics laws are directly exploited to bring an essential advantage in information processing. MAIN OUTCOMES – so far ? It has been shown that would we have quantum computer, we could design absolutely secure quantum generation of shared and secret random classical keys. · It has been proven that even without quantum computers unconditionally secure quantum generation of classical secret and shared keys is possible (in the sense that any eavesdropping is detectable). · Unconditionally secure basic quantum cryptographic primitives, such as bit commitment and oblivious transfer, are impossible. ? Quantum zero-knowledge proofs exist for all NP-complete languages ? Quantum teleportation and pseudo-telepathy are possible. · Quantum cryptography and quantum networks are already in advanced experimental stage. BASICS of QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING As an introduction to quantum cryptography the very basic motivations, experiments, principles, concepts and results of quantum information processing and communication will be presented in the next few slides. BASIC MOTIVATION In quantum information processing we witness an interaction between the two most important areas of science and technology of 20-th century, between quantum physics and informatics. This is very likely to have important consequences for 21th century. QUANTUM PHYSICS Quantum physics deals with fundamental entities of physics – particles like protons, electrons and neutrons (from which matter is built); photons (which carry electromagnetic radiation) various “elementary part