Chapter 14 Carbohydrates.ppt

Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999 Chapter 14 Carbohydrates 14.5 Disaccharides Important Disaccharides A disaccharide consists of two monosaccharides. Monosaccharides Disaccharide glucose + glucose maltose + H2O glucose + galactose lactose + H2O glucose + fructose sucrose + H2O Maltose Maltose is a disaccharide also known as malt sugar. composed of two D-glucose molecules. obtained from the hydrolysis of starch. linked by an ?-1,4-glycosidic bond formed from the ? ?OH on C1 of the first glucose and ?OH on C4 of the second glucose. used in cereals, candies, and brewing. found in both the ?- and β - forms. Formation of Maltose Lactose Lactose is a disaccharide of β-D-galactose and α- or β-D-glucose. contains a β -1,4-glycosidic bond. is found in milk and milk products. Sucrose Learning Check Write the structures of the two monosaccharides that form when sucrose is hydrolyzed. Solution Write the structures of the two monosaccharides that form when sucrose is hydrolyzed. Sweetness of Sweeteners Sugars and artificial sweeteners differ in sweetness. are compared to sucrose (table sugar), which is assigned a value of 100. Learning Check Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following: A. lactose (1) α-D-glucose (2) β-D-fructose (3) β-D-galactose B. maltose (1) α-D-glucose (2) β-D-fructose (3) β-D-galactose C. sucrose (1) α-D-glucose (2) β-D-fructose (3) β-D-galactose Solution Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following: A. lactose (1) α-D-glucose (3) β-D-galactose B. maltose (1) α-D-glucose C. sucrose (1) α-D-glucose (2) β-D-fructose * * * * * Free α-OH α-form α-form Sucrose or table sugar is obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets. consists of α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose.. has an α,β-1,2-glycosidic bond. α-D-glucose β -D-fructose 60 000