Edit-14-Measurements and errors.ppt

Measurements and errors ? Precision and accuracy Measurements and errors Reading: single determination of the value of an unknown quantity actual reading taken during an experiment Precision and accuracy Precision: indicates the agreement among repeated measurements Precision and accuracy Improvement: e.g. Use a hand lens when reading the scale of a meter Use a plane mirror behind the pointer Read the scale when the pointer is directly on top of its image Precision and accuracy Accuracy Precision and accuracy Accuracy Precision and accuracy Accuracy Precision and accuracy Accuracy Significant figures Significant figures: No. of digits except for zeros at the beginning Significant figures Significant figures: consistent with the accuracy of the measurement Significant figures Significant figures Significant figures Significant figures Scientific notation Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Types of errors Combination of errors Combination of errors Combination of errors Combination of errors Combination of errors Q: The internal diameter d1 and the external diameter d2 of a metal tube are d1 = 45 ± 1 mm and d2 = 60 ± 2 mm. What is the maximum percentage error in the total thickness of the tube when it is pressed together? Solution: Q: The dimensions of a box are recorded as follows:Length (l) = 5.0 ± 0.2 cmWidth (b) = 4.0 ± 0.1 cmHeight (h) = 8.0 ± 0.2 cmWhat is the maximum percentage error in the volume of the box? Solution: Q: The mass of a metal block is 11.5 ± 0.5 kg and its volume is 1 000 ± 20 cm3. How would you express the density of the metal? Solution:  Q: In an experiment, the external diameter D and internal diameter d of a metal tube werefound to be 64 ± 2 mm and 47 ± 1 mm respectively. What is the maximum percentage err