Taiwan ROC amp; Hong Kong.ppt

Taiwan ROC Hong Kong Postwar History Republic of China 1912 - First republic in Asia First president: Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925) Chiang Kai-shek First constitutional president 1948 - 1975 Defeated by CCP in 1949 Retreated to Taiwan Authoritarian rule for a quarter century ROC Government President (4-year term after 1996) The Five ``Yuan”: Executive Yuan Legislative Yuan Judicial Yuan Examination Yuan Control Yuan Provinces Taiwan before 1949 Immigration from mainland China for centuries (Fujian and Hakka) 1885, promoted from prefecture to province 1895, ceded to Japan 1945, returned to Republic of China ``Taiwanese” versus ``mainlanders” Taiwan Islands Area: 13,900 square miles Population: 22.7 million Fujian 70% Hakka 15% “mainlanders” 13% Comparison area mainland: 9,600,000 km2 Taiwan: 36,000 km2 population mainland: 1.3 billion Taiwan: 22.7 million Comparison nominal GDP of 2002 mainland: 1,237 billion US$ Taiwan: 286 billion US$ trade volume of 2002 mainland: 621 billion US$ Taiwan: 243 billion US$ Time-lagged development Land reform in Taiwan (1950s) and in mainland (1970s) economic takeoff in Taiwan (1950s- ) and in mainland (1980s- ) export promotion policies tariff rebates (1950s vs. 1980s) special economic zones (1960s vs. 1980s) Time-lagged development Promotion of small and medium size enterprises in Taiwan (1960s- ) and in mainland (1980s- ) currency exchange rate 1960s vs. 1990s Popular elections at the basic level Chiang’s One-China Policy ``Mainland was temporarily usurped by communist bandits” ``Gloriously retake the mainland” Refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognized PRC ROC was a permanent member of UN Security Council until 1971 Lee Teng-hui (1923 - ) Succeeded Chiang Kai-shek’s son as president of ROC and chairman of GMD in 1988 Became the first popularly elected president of ROC in 1996 Helped Democratic Progressive Party gain power in 2000 Ch