The Policy-Making Process.ppt

The Policy-Making Process ESD 11 December 8, 2000 Problem Definition Issue Identification and Knowledge Base Lung and heart disease Evidence 400,000 + deaths per year attributable to Tobacco Addiction Young smokers Intentional nicotine blending Industry knowledge When (early) What (everything) Current Conditions Political and Popular movement against tobacco Increasing fear of Cancer Definition of Needed Change Kessler Proposal Prohibit sales to 18 yr olds Prohibit sales in vending machines Prohibit free samples Prohibit brand name advertising at sporting events Prohibit advertising on clothing, tote bags, etc Prohibit any advertising within 1000 feet of a school Require any advertising to be black and white text Make distributors responsible for under age sales Create a $150 million fund for anti-smoking Policy Instruments Analyst’s frame Federal and State Public Health official Analytic methods available Epidemiology Health Causation: Hypothesis “If you are a smoker you have a higher than normal probability you will die of respiratory cancer or heart disease” Economic Costs: Hypothesis “Smoking is a societal ill. Persons who smoke place an unacceptably high burden on society in terms of loss of productivity and increased medical care requirements” Rationale for Action FDA job description Interpretation or fact? Definition of the Means Legal -- State and Federal Courts Administrative -- Issue regulatory orders Assume the authority exists Legislative -- Propose a change in the law Negotiation -- Bring all the parties to the table Political -- Create an alliance with the President Press -- Feed the media with consumable science Inertia -- do nothing and let the process go forward on its own momentum Cast of Characters On side of greater regulation Stakeholders Health Community Families of dead and dying smokers Academic / Scientific Community (truth …) Some members of Congress Tax revenues Decision makers Some members of Congress Influence Brokers The Presi