Topic 14 Synchronous Motors Spring 2004.ppt

ECE 8830 - Electric Drives Introduction The stator of a synchronous motor is identical to that of an induction motor. However, unlike an induction motor, a magnetic field is created by the rotor either through the use of permanent magnets or through a rotor winding with slip rings and brushes. The presence of the magnetic field on the rotor allows the rotor to move at synchronous speed with the stator field. Introduction (cont’d) The rotor shape of a synchronous motor may be salient or non-salient, i.e. the airgap may be non-uniform or uniform, respectively. Introduction (cont’d) Synchronous motors are more expensive than induction motors but offer the advantage of higher efficiency, an important advantage at high power. Thus, synchronous motors are used for power generation and large motor drives. A comparison of a 6MW induction motor and a wound field synchronous motor is shown on the next slide. Introduction (cont’d) Introduction (cont’d) Salient pole synchronous generators are used in low speed applications, such as in hydroelectric power stations where they are used to match the low operating speed of the hydraulic turbines. Non-salient pole synchronous generators are used in high-speed applications such as steam-power stations to match the high-speed steam turbines. Introduction (cont’d) In addition to the field winding, the rotor of a wound field synchronous motor usually also contains a second winding. This armortisseur, or damper winding, is like the short-circuited squirrel cage bars in an induction motor. Also, additional damper windings in the rotor can be used to represent the damping effects of eddy currents in the solid iron of the rotor poles. Introduction (cont’d) The de-axis is aligned with the North pole of the rotor and the qe-axis is aligned orthogonally to the de-axis. Note: In Ong’s book the qe-axis leads the de-a