管理信息系统10【荐】.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Data Communications 10.2 Communication Basics Computer communications is at three levels Application level Computer level Communication channel Protocol Set of rules for communications OSI Standard 表10-1 OSI Reference Model ISO Website 10.2.1 Protocols for Computer Communication Early computers Terminals Sneaker net System Network Architecture (SNA) Established by IBM in 1974 Proprietary Token-Ring Host computer controlled peer-to-peer Protocols for Computer Communication Ethernet Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation developed this protocol Non-proprietary Defined by IEEE Works on a single transmission line No token is passed 10.2.2 Packets Piece of the total data to be communicated, combined with the address of the destination computer for the data and other control information. 10.2.3 Network Addresses Address Four-part set of numbers Each from 0 to 255 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) User connects through common carrier Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Protocols for users at home 10.2.4 Protocols for Public Phone Systems X.25 analog older protocol Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Digital Can carry voice, data, and video Protocols for Public Phone Systems (cont.) Frame Relays Move to fiber optics Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Smaller packet size Faster transmission speeds 10.3 Networks Each device must be connected to the communications medium via a network interface card (NIC) Types of Networks LAN (local area network) Limited area but could include 100 or so micros Facilitates office automation MAN (metropolitan area networks) spans one city/metropolitan area WAN (wide area network) Covers a large geographic area Includes a wide variety of circuits Usually includes host computers 图10-3a Common LAN TopologiesStar 图1-3b Common LAN TopologiesRing 图10-3c Common LAN TopologiesBus Types of Networks (cont.) Internet Collection of networks Public Intranet Uses Interne