CHAPTER 9Chemical Equilibrium.PPT

CHAPTER 9Chemical Equilibrium Rates of Reaction Equilibrium Chemical kinetics The study of reaction rates (speed) Enthalpy Only tell us if a reaction will occur but not how long it will Entropy take. Kinetics Measures the time required for a reaction to occur. Chemical kinetics Kinetics of a chemical reaction can tell us - how long it will take for a reaction to reach completion. how chemicals react to form products (mechanism). effects of catalysts and enzymes. how to control a reaction. Figure 9.1 Effective collisions Effective collisions 3. They have to have enough E. Activation Energy The activation energy Eact Is the minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place upon proper collision of reactants. Factors Influencing Rxn Rates Reaction rates can be affected by : Reactant structure(polar vs. nonpolar) physical state of reactants (vapor vs liq.) Concentration of reactants (medications) surface area (sugar cube vs crystals) Temperature (hypothermia metabolism) Catalyst (H2O2 blood) If Increase reactant concentration then Increase # of collisions so Increase reaction rate. Learning Check State the effect of each on the rate of reaction as (I) increases, (D) decreases, or (N) no change. A. Increasing the temperature. B. Removing some of the reactants. C. Adding a catalyst. D. Placing the reaction flask in ice. E. Increasing the concentration of a reactant. Solution State the effect of each on the rate of reaction as (I) increases, (D) decreases, or (N) no change. A. Increasing the temperature. (I) B. Removing some of the reactants. (D) C. Adding a catalyst. (I) D. Placing the reaction flask in ice. (D) E. Increasing the concentration of a reactant. (I) Learning Check Indicate the effect of each factor listed on the rate of the following reaction as (I) increases, (D) decreases, or (N) none: 2CO(g) + O2(g) ? 2CO2 (g) A. Raising the temperature B. Removing O2 C. Adding a catalyst D