Culture and OrganizationalBehavior.PPT

Culture and OrganizationalBehavior Chapter 2 Learning Objectives Define culture and levels of culture Explain how culture develops Describe the major frameworks for explaining the cultures of different societies Discuss the relation of culture to the study of OB Debate the issue of cultural convergence Vs. divergence What is Culture? A way of life of a group of people That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by people as members of society Everything that people have, think, and do as members of society Sathe’s Levels of Culture How is Culture Learned? Enculturation Primary Socialization Cultures and Subcultures Secondary Socialization Frameworks for Examining Cultures Cultural Orientations Work-related Values Dimensions Communication Patterns Chinese Value Survey Cultural Metaphors Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Variations in Values Orientations Framework to describe how different societies cope with various issues or problems Includes six value orientations A culture may prefer one or more variations of a value orientation Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Variations in Values Orientations Hofstede’s Four Dimensions of Cultural Values Individualism/Collectivism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity/Femininity Masculinity vs. Femininity Masculinity culture countries strive for a performance society In Boy Scouts movement, a book was called “Rovering to Success” Femininity culture countries for a welfare society When translated to Dutch, it is “Roving on the road to Happiness” To help the poor Austria spent .24% of the GNP Norway spent 1.12% of the GND The Chinese Value Survey Confucian Work Dynamism Long Term Vs. Short Term Orientation Future Thrifty Persistence Hofstede’s and CVS Cultural Dimension Scores for 10 Countries Schwartzs Value Survey Focuses on universal aspects of individual value content and structure Based on issues that confront all societies Collected d