WATER POLLUTION.ppt

WATER POLLUTION DR MOHD HASNI HJ JAAFAR ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICIAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH, UKM MEDICAL CENTRE, MALAYSIA WATER 71% from earth surface. 97% salt water (sea) 3% fresh water 87% ice and glaciers, underground, air. 13% surface water (0.4% total water). Function Domestic. Industry. Agriculture. Recreation. Safety and security. WATER 70% total human body wt. 30 – 40% bone mass. Body functions: Absorption of oxygen at alveoli. Control of body temperature. Blood component. Digestion in kidneys and intestine. Alteration of 10% body content – health problem. Alteration of 20% body content – death. WATER POLLUTION Ideal water supply Quality. Quantity. Water quality parameter Physical. Suspended solid (SS), color, taste, smell, temp. Chemical. Dissolved substances, alkalinity, hardness, fluoride, heavy metal, organic compound, nutrient (nitrogen phosphorus), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD). Biology. Bacteria, virus, protozoa, helminthes. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Uncontrolled land development since colonial era (end 19th century). Agriculture (logging, estate, farms). Mining (tin, gold, cuprum). Industrialization. Housing development. Hydro dam. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Pollution of clean water resources Erosion at water catchments areas. Erosion of rivers. Effluent from rubber and palm oil factories. Effluent from mining site. Effluent from industry area. Effluent from farming area. Effluent from domestic area. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCES YEAR 1978 1979 1985 1990 Palm Oil factory Rubber factory Mining Industry Farming 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 5 6 4 5 3 1 2 6 5 3 1 2 Mohamad Ismail Yaziz 1993 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Puncak Niaga, 2001 Effluent from factories and agricultural activities. Land and forest clearance activities. Mining. Solid waste. Wastewater. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION DOE, 1998 River cleanliness 25% clean (68.2% - 1989) 65% moderately polluted (29.3% - 1989) 10% polluted (2.5% - 1989) Source of pol