The Accretion History of SMBHs in Massive Galaxies.ppt

The Accretion History of SMBHs in Massive Galaxies Kate Brand STScI Collaborators: M. Brown, A. Dey, B. Jannuzi, and the XBootes and Bootes MIPS teams. Tucson, November 2006 Questions How did the mass of SMBHs grow? How is this related to the build-up of the red sequence? What is connection between SMBH growth and massive galaxy evolution? Have SMBHs accreted a significant fraction of their mass between z=1 and the present? An X-ray and Mid-IR stacking analysis of ~30,000 red galaxies from the NDWFS Bootes field. The Red Galaxy Survey ~ 30,000 red galaxies selected from NDWFS to be on red sequence (see Brown et al. 2006) Stacking the X-ray images gives a highly significant signal Stacked up the X-ray images in different subsets of the data to obtain a mean X-ray luminosity as a function of galaxy properties. 5-ks on a single object but for 1000 galaxies, equivalent to a 5-Ms observation on the mean object. Basic X-ray Stacking Results Lx ~ 1041 ergs s-1 is at least 10x too high to be due to stellar sources. The X-ray emission is dominated by accretion onto a SMBH Lx is ~10-100x fainter than typical Seyferts The accretion rate is very low and/or radiatively inefficient The X-ray spectrum is hard and can be explained by: Absorbed (NH = 2 x 1022 cm-2) ?=1.7 power-law Unabsorbed ?=0.7 power-law (e.g. ADAF) The AGN must be obscured or radiatively inefficient The mean X-ray luminosity increases with redshift Lx ? (1+z) 4.0 ± 0.5 [ excluding X-ray detected sources: Lx ? (1+z) 4.1 ± 0.7 ] More massive galaxies are more X-ray luminous The mean X-ray luminosity increases as a function of optical luminosity and stellar mass. Converting X-ray luminosity to a nuclear accretion rate The Build-up in the mass of the SMBHs Stacking the 24?m images gives a highly significant signal Basic LIR properties of red galaxies 20% of red galaxies have f240.3 mJy Mean flux ~ 0.3 mJy (~0.04 for f240.3 mJy sources) ? red galaxies go through ‘active’ phase