The Keyboard Controller.ppt

The Keyboard Controller Essential steps for implementing an interrupt service routine for the Keyboard Controller Our near-term goal To build a ‘mini’ x86 operating system It should be able run a Linux application It needs to support: basic console input/output (keyboard, screen) handling of device-interrupts (timer, keyboard) ‘exit’ gracefully when application is finished utilize x86 privilege restrictions and 32bit code Certain building-blocks are already done Keyboard and its controller KB Controller Status A few Controller Commands 0xAD: Disable Keyboard 0xAE: Enable Keyboard 0xA7: Disable PS/2 Mouse 0xA8: Enable PS/2 Mouse 0xC0: Read input-port (to output buffer) 0XD0: Read output-port (to output buffer) Command to set LEDs 0xED: Turns on/off the keyboard’s LEDs Interrupt-Handler actions When the keyboard-controller issues an interrupt, these actions should be taken: Save values in the working CPU registers Read keyboard-controller’s status-register If the output-buffer has new data, read it If a “special” key (shift/toggle), adjust kb_flags For a normal key, translate scancode to ascii Insert the code-pair at tail-end of kb-queue Send EOI-command to Interrupt Controller Restore the saved values from CPU registers Resume the interrupted procedure (with ‘iret’) Keyboard ‘scancode’ format Keyboard Queue BIOS DATA AREA KBFLAGS is word at address 0x40:0x17 KBHEAD is word at address 0x40:0x1A KBTAIL is word at address 0x40:0x1C KBQUEUE is array of 16 words array base-address at 0x40:0x1E KBBASE is word at 0x40:0x80 KBTAIL is word at 0x40:0x82 Format of KBFLAGS LSB Demo ‘minikybd.s’ It shows a minimal implementation for the keyboard-controller’s interrupt-handler It runs in Real-Mode It ‘echos’ a user’s keystrokes IN-CLASS EXERCISE: modify this demo to run in Protected-Mode * Keyboard Controller CPU PIC bus KEYBOARD PS/2 MOUSE output port TIMER output buffer status reg control reg 0x64 0x64 0x60 0x60 input buffer input port RAM PIC IRQ0 IRQ1 IRQ2 6 PARE T