The skinny on artificial sweeteners and weight gain.ppt

The skinny on artificial sweeteners and weight gain Presented by Ann Cohen and Jessica Kovarik Taste: how Groups of taste cells on papillae (bumps) Chemical binds with taste cell Depolarization of nerve fibers ? action potential to brain Adaptation of nerve transmittion Taste: what and why 5 tastes: salty, sour, bitter, umami, and sweet No longer taste ‘zones’ Taste and survival Avoid bitter Seek out sweet Sweetness abounds Sugar = Carbohydrates Simple and complex Main source of energy (4 calories per gram) Occur naturally in foods and added to foods Simple sugars: Sucrose = glucose + fructose Table sugar Lactose = glucose + galactose Dairy Maltose = glucose + glucose Germinating grains Sweetness abounds Other natural sweeteners: Honey, molasses, maple syrup, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup Sugar alcohols or polyols, such as mannitol, sorbitol, isomalt Sweet energy Nutritive sweeteners Contain calories Honey, HFCS, table sugar, maple syrup, etc. Nonnutritive sweeteners Reduced or no calories Sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners Getting 1+1=1: artificial sweeteners Low-calorie sweeteners Sweet taste with fewer or no calories Food and Drug Administration approval Six intense, low-calorie sweeteners: Saccharin – Sweet’N Low/Sugar Twin Acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) Aspartame Neotame Sucralose - Splenda Tagatose Getting 1+1=1: artificial sweeteners Sucralose aka Splenda Heat stable = use for baking 3 chlorine atoms instead of hydroxyl groups 600 times sweeter than sugar Created from sugar, so tastes similar to sugar Body not able to break it down Getting 1+1=1: artificial sweeteners Stevia Natural sweetener extracted from plants Not FDA approved, so sold as a supplement Body cannot metabolize, so no calories Studies inconclusive about safety: some show no adverse reactions, others suggest smaller offspring Rumor has it sugar causes… Cavities Contact time of bacteria, not type of food leads to decay i.e.: bread can be worse than caramel Hyperactivity No scientif