计算机组织与体系结构课件18.pdfVIP

c0864 Computer Organization and Architecture Lecture 18 Micro-programmed Control Tongwei Ren Software Institute, Nanjing University Jun. 10, 2014 Review • Micro-operations • Concept, different cycles • Functional requirements of processor control • Input / output of control unit • Control signal • Hardwired implementation NANJING UNIVERSITY 2 Control Unit Implementation • Two categories • Hardwired implementation • Micro-programmed implementation • Problem of hardwired implementation • It is difficult to design and test such a piece of hardware • The design is relatively inflexible NANJING UNIVERSITY 3 Microprogramming Language • Microinstruction: Each line describes a set of micro- operations occurring at one time • Microprogram / firmware: A sequence of instructions • Microprogram is midway between hardware and software • It is easier to design in firmware than hardware, but it is more difficult to write a firmware program than a software program NANJING UNIVERSITY 4 Basic Idea • Consider that for each micro-operation, all that the control unit is allowed to do is generate a set of control signals, to control each control line emanating from the control unit is either on or off • Each control line is represented by a binary digit • A control word is constructed in which each bit represents one control line • Each micro-operation would be represented by a different pattern of 1s and 0s in the control word NANJING UNIVERSITY 5 Basic Idea (cont.) • The sequence of micro-operations is represented by stringing together a seque