心理机制.ppt

第三节 在语言习得过程中， 信息加工系统发挥了什么作用？ 如何发挥？ 前提 大部分的信息加工系统在发展中是保持不变的。 知觉加工 生存的先天机制 听觉：喜欢母亲的声音 视觉：偏好人类的面孔 世上只有妈妈好…… 语音与声音的辨别 声音 语音 做同步运动——举起手指、踢腿 语音的辨别 清浊音 [ba] [pa] VOT (voice onset time) 成人 VOT≤25ms，[ba] VOT＞25ms，[pa] 1个月大的婴儿 习惯化方法——无营养吮吸 VOT＝20ms VOT＝40ms 工作记忆 工作记忆的功能 加工 存储 工作记忆如何发展？ 随着年龄增长，工作记忆广度并没有增长。 3－6岁儿童 负相关 复述反应时间增加，记忆广度减少 年长的儿童记得更多单词 若综合考虑反应时因素，则两个年龄组儿童无差异 成人 无意义单词 反应时比儿童慢，记忆广度相似 存储任务：记住7个单词 加工任务：复述听到的单词 * Episodic and semantic memory appear to function in different ways; yet, they are interdependent. In other words, episodic memory appears to be distinct from semantic memory, but whether episodic memory is specialized form of semantic memory, or a separate memory system, is not clear. Thus, the question is still open. Since Tulving first proposed the episodic/semantic memory distinction, he has identified a third memory (system?) for procedural knowledge (brushing your teeth, riding a bicycle, etc.). The cerebellum of the brain appears to be directly implicated in procedural memory. It will require future research to determine the intricate relationships among this complex set of phenomena we call memory. * Discovering Psy 2e Figure 6.5 p.210 计算：8×4 计算：87×46 工作记忆广度的测量 Digit Span – 言语短时记忆的标准测量方式 工作记忆广度的测量主要通过同时进行数字广度任务与语言理解任务或推理任务来进行 Measuring Digit Span 3715 62317 162539 864925 6354892 364895721 主要用到工作记忆 中的语音回路 Remember this number sequence 429713 Test of Language Comprehension Paris is in France No YesForks have feet No YesDesks are sold in pairs No Yes A brother is a relative No Yes Tables move around searching for food No Yes Snakes crawl on the ground No Yes A day lasts 26 hours No Yes Doctors are made in factories No Yes Mosquitoes carry disease No Yes 这一任务主要用到工作记忆中的中央执行系统 Recall the number sequence Sentence Comprehension + Digit Load Working Memory and Reasoning Remember this number sequence 619728 Test of Reasoning A is preceded by B AB T/F? B is preceded by A AB T/F? A does not follow B BA T