小儿科绪论【荐】.pptVIP

对疾病的损伤恢复能力较强 儿童的年龄The child’s age What is the developmental periods across the childhood Prepubescence:(2~3 ys) 儿科学的范围 Development pediatrics 研究儿童的体格生长与心理发育规律的一门学科 儿科学的特点 The child is not a little man Age beats/min1y 110~1602~5ys 95~1405~12ys 80~12012ys 60~100 呼吸率 in children  Age Normal Tachypnea Neonate 30~50 60Infants 20~30 50Young children 20~30 40Older children 15~20 30 infected by organisms from the mother’s genital tract. The most frequent causes: Respiratory viruses Strep. H.influenzae 黄疸Jaundice:starting 24hs: 溶血 Haemolysis  ABO incompatibility  G6PD deficiency Congenital infection 过去史 Past medical history家族史 Family history社会史 Social history 各期儿童保健特点 肺炎可无体征 　with pneumonia may not have any abnormal signs on auscultation 婴儿 Infant 发育问题 suspected delay in development: slow to walk,talk  or acquire skills 病史 History-taking *发育史 Development PEDIATRICS 绪 论 儿 科 学 儿童及儿童年龄分期 儿科学的范围和任务 儿童的特点 儿科学的特点 各期儿童保健特点 儿童和青少年是一很大人群 Children adolescents represent a big group of whole population. 个体差异 是一弱势人群 儿童的特点 儿童年龄决定疾病的特征、临床表现、生长发育、行为问题。 Because the age determines the nature and presentation of illnesses, developmental and behavior problems of child. ? 期 儿 童 年 龄 分 胎儿中期:13~28w middle fetus 胎儿晚期:29~40w late fetus 胚胎期:0~12w embryo 胎儿期 Fetus 婴儿期 Infant period (0y) 围产期（Perinatal stage）:胎儿28w ~新生儿1w 新生儿期: 0~28ds Newborn 1~12月 幼儿期 Toddler period (1~2y) Preschool period~ young child (3~5y) 学龄前期 学龄期 (6~11y) School age period – old child Postpubescence:(3~4 ys) Pubescence:(2~4 ys) 青春期 Puberty –teenager, adolescent 围产期：胎儿28周--新生儿1周 胎儿后期 胎儿中期 胚胎期 40周 28周 12周 0 幼儿期 （1-2岁