古气候和古海洋对碳酸盐岩储集层发育的控制.pdfVIP

2014 2 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.41 No.1 121 文章编号：1000-0747(2014)01-0121-08 DOI: 10.11698/PED.2014.01.16 古气候与古海洋对碳酸盐岩储集层发育的控制 张静，张宝民，单秀琴 （中国石油勘探开发研究院） 基金项目：国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”项目（2008ZX05004 ） 摘要： 以中国塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地碳酸盐岩重点层系为例，探讨古气候背景与古海洋环境联合控制海相碳 酸盐岩储集层发育的机制。对海相碳酸盐岩沉积和储集层形成而言，古气候总体上有干热/ 干燥与湿热/ 湿润之分；显 生宙海水的地球化学成分曾发生明显的周期性变化，方解石海与文石海交替出现。塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯等盆地 的油气勘探实践表明，海相碳酸盐岩规模储集层的孔隙类型与发育特征明显受控于其沉积时的古气候背景与古海洋 环境。干热/ 干燥古气候背景下的文石海环境最有利于形成孔隙-孔洞型白云岩储集层；干热/ 干燥古气候背景下的方 解石海环境可形成以发育蒸发盐铸模孔为主的孔隙型白云岩储集层。湿热/ 湿润古气候背景下的方解石海和文石海沉 积则主要形成大型溶洞型储集层。古气候背景与古海洋环境联合控制了碳酸盐岩的沉积并深刻影响了其成岩作用， 最终决定了规模储集层的孔隙特征和储集层类型。图5 参33 关键词：古气候背景；古海洋环境；方解石海；文石海；碳酸盐岩；白云石化；储集层 中图分类号：TE122.31 文献标识码：A Controlling effects of paleo-climate and paleo-ocean on formation of carbonate reservoirs Zhang Jing, Zhang Baomin, Shan Xiuqin (PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development , Beijing 100083, China) Abstract: The controlling effects of paleo-climate and paleo-ocean on the formation of marine carbonate reservoirs were studied taking key carbonate strata in the Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos Basins as examples. Dry heat/aridity and moist heat/moisture are the two distinctive types of paleo-climate background as far as carbonate sedimentation and reservoir formation are concerned. The geochemistry of the Phanerozoic ocean experienced cyclic variation, with calcite sea and aragonite sea occurring alternately. Carbonate exploration practice in the Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos Basins shows that the features of carbonate reservoir are evidently controlled by paleo-climate and paleo-ocean environment. The aragonite se