以人为研究对象的研究中的伦理学.pptVIP

The Ethics of Research Using Human Subjects: Interpreting Common Principles以人为研究对象的研究中的伦理学：解释普遍原则 Nancy M. P. King, JD Professor of Social Medicine University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 北卡罗来纳州大学社会医学教授， 法学博士 Nancy M. P. King Why Is Ethics Important in Research? 为什么在研究中伦理学重要？ Ethics is part of being human 伦理学是人类的一部分 People have moral relationships and obligations 人与人之间具有道德关系和义务 People have many moral roles 人要扮演多重道德角色 Researchers and IRB members have moral roles in research 在研究中研究者和IRB成员要承担道德任务 Researchers and IRB members have moral obligations to, and relationships with, subjects 研究者和IRB成员对研究对象有道德义务和关系 Research Ethics and Everyday Ethics研究伦理学与日常伦理学 Researchers and IRB members should use their own moral experience 研究者和IRB成员应该应用他们自己的道德经验 Research ethics rules should make sense to researchers, IRBs, and subjects 研究者、IRB和研究对象应该理解研究伦理学规章 Research ethics rules are a specific application of more general principles 研究伦理学规章是通用原则的具体应用 Three Basic Principles三个基本原则 Respect for Persons 尊重个人 Informed consent 知情同意 Protecting vulnerable people and groups 保护脆弱人群 Beneficence/Nonmaleficence 行善/避免伤害 Balancing risks of harm and possible benefits appropriately 适当平衡伤害的风险与可能的益处 Minimizing harms 降低伤害到最小 Justice 公正 Choosing research subjects and groups of subjects fairly 公平地选取研究对象与研究人群 Working to bring beneficial results of research to people and groups who have contributed to the research 努力让研究结果对为研究做出贡献的人和人群带来益处 Health Research Is Different From Health Care健康研究不同于卫生保健 The goal of health care is to benefit the patient 卫生保健的目标是让病人受益 The provider must have evidence that the treatment is likely to work 提供者必须拥有治疗方法可能有效的证据 The goal of research is to contribute to knowledge, not to help the subject 研究的目标是为知识做贡献，而不是帮助研究对象 The researcher does not know what the evidence from the study will show 研究者不知道研究将显示什么证据 Try to Avoid设法避免 Confusing the researcher’s role with the health care provider’s role 混淆了研究者与卫生保健提供者的角色 Thi