肌肉生而不等.doc

肌肉生而不等 Don:It’s not fair! Ya?l: What’s not fair? D: I was rereading the Constitution of the United States. It says here that “All people are created equal.”That’s just not true! Y: What do you mean? D: Well, it’s always being my dream to become the Olympic champion in the 100-meter-dash. But no matter how hard I train, I’m just not fast enough. Y:You just realize this now. D:Some guys are simply faster than everyone else. Y:That’s because some people are born with more faster twitch muscle fiber than others. D: With what? Y: That’s a big part of what make people faster than others. Muscles are made of two kinds of fibers–fast twitch and slow twitch. D:What’s the difference? Y:Slow-twitch fibers use energy aerobically and can work for long periods of time before getting tired. D:So they can contract more slowly, but can keep going without burning themselves out. Y:Right! Slow twitch fibers have a lot of myoglobin, a protein that helps transfer oxygen into the mitochondria, the power houses of the cell that produce cellular energy. D:So Marathon runners must have a lot of slow twitch muscle fibers. Y:Exactly, since they have to keep going for long periods. D:So sprinters have a lot of fast twitch muscle fiber. Y:Right! Fast twitch fibers consume energy quickly and are good for short, powerful bursts of movement like sprinting and jumping. World-class sprinters typically have about 80% fast twitch muscle fiber. D:Luck dogs! Y:And, of course, they train incredibly hard to develop their natural gifts. Olympic gold is not won by muscle fiber alone. D:But it certainly helps! Don:真不公平！ Ya?l:什么不公平？ D:我又读了《美国宪法》，上面写着：“人人生而平等。”事实并非如此! Y:你想说什么？ D:成为奥运会的百米短跑冠军一直是我的梦想。可是，无论我多么努力，我就是跑不了那么快。 Y:你才意识到啊！ D:有些人就是比别人都跑得快。 Y:那是因为他们天生比他人多快收缩肌纤维。 D:有更多什么？ Y:快收缩肌纤维大大地决定了跑步速度。肌肉有两种纤维构成：快收缩肌肉纤维和慢收缩肌肉纤维。D:有什么不同吗？ Y:慢收缩肌肉纤维用于有氧耗能，适合耐力性运动。 D: 所以慢收缩肌肉纤维收缩更慢，但是持续时间更长。 Y:说的对，因为马拉松耗能耗时长。 D:那么，短跑健将有很多快收缩肌肉纤维了。 Y:没错！慢收缩肌肉纤维富含肌红蛋白。肌红蛋白可帮助肌细胞将氧转运到线粒体，而线粒体是细胞能源工厂。 D:那么，马拉松选手肯定有很多慢收缩肌肉纤维了。 Y:对，快收缩肌肉纤维