Black Mamba Snake Venom.ppt

Black Mamba Snake Venom Ifeoma Romaine Tamara Brooks The Snake Fastest snake in the world (4) speeds up to 12 mph 2nd largest venous snake in the world (4) Average length – 8 ft. Longest length – 14 ft. Found in Sub-Saharan Africa The Snake Classification (4) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Serpentes Family: Elapidae Genus: Dendroaspis Species: D. polylepis The Snake Are olive, brown, gray, or sometimes khaki with a cream underbelly Named for color of lining inside mouth (4) Found in low, open habitats, rocky places or open woodlands The Snake Breed once a year (5) No other interaction besides breeding and female abandons eggs after laying them (5) Oviparous with young fully functional upon hatching (5) The Strategy Avoid confrontation but become aggressive when threatened. (5) Raise head up to 1 meter off the ground (5) Rapid, numerous strikes followed by flee (5) Depends on reason of bite The Strategy Diurnal and hunts both during the day and at night (4) When hunting small animals, it delivers one bite then allows venom to take over (4) Stalks prey until death When hunting birds, clings to animal to prevent it from flying away (4) The Venom LD50 of 0.25-0.32 mg/kg One bite delivers 100-120mg on average Maximum 400 mg 10 to 15?mg is deadly to a human adult Contains Calciseptine Toxin 1 Toxin K The Dendrotoxin Dendrotoxin Two: long and short chain “toxin k” (2) 57 Amino acid sequence (short) (2) 59 or 60 in the long Highly specific (6) The Dendrotoxin Mechanism Potassium channel blocker(1) Specific blocker of non-inactivating Kv1.1, voltage gated K+ channels (1) Facilitate Ach release from the presynaptic membrane(2) Kv1.1 channels produce sustained outward potassium currents in response to low changes in membrane potential away from resting (3) The Dendrotoxin Mechanism The blockage of potassium channels prevent the repolarization of nerve and muscle cells Increases the release of neurot