WAITING LINES AND SIMULATION.ppt

WAITING LINES AND SIMULATION I. WAITING LINES (QUEUEING) : II. SIMULATION WAITING LINES I. Length of line: number of people in queue II. Time waiting in line III. Efficiency: waiting vs idle server IV. Cost of waiting WAITING LINES ASSUMTIONS 1) FIRST COME FIRST SERVE 2) ARRIVALS COME FROM VERY LARGE POPULATION 3) NUMBER OF ARRIVALS IS POISSON 4) SERVICE TIME IS EXPONENTIAL 5) ARRIVALS INDEPENDENT APPLICATIONS BANK TELLER LINE, CAR WASH INTERNET: CABLE VS PHONE LINE WAITING FOR CABLE GUY METERED FREEWAY ON RAMPS WAREHOUSE: ORDERS WAIT TO BE SHIPPED AIRPLANES WAITING TO LAND EXAMPLE: AUTO REPAIR ONE MECHANIC MAY NOT BE POISSON IF CUSTOMERS ARE CLUSTERED EARLY MORNING OR AFTER WORK MAY NEED TO USE SIMULATION LATER L=Average Length ALL customers in system Waiting AND being served Lq=Average Length of queue Customers waiting in line Number waiting to be served W=Av Time customer in system From arrival time to departure time Time waiting and being served Wq=Av time customer waits in queue Waiting to be served Marketing, Service operations management Customers may go to competitor if Wq big Exception: lowest price(trade off) Car dealer: Wq=0 Interpret Wq Wq=40 minutes waiting in line W=60 minutes in system 20 minutes being served U=Utilization U=efficiency Probability server is busy Probability customer has to wait U=2/3 67% efficiency Po=P(zero customers in system) Po=1-U P(server is idle) P(customer does not have to wait) Here: Po = .33 COST OF WAITING SUPPOSE EACH HOUR A CUSTOMER WAITS COSTS $10 INTANGIBLE COST NOT ACCOUNTING COST MARKETING ESTIMATE USED FOR DECISION MAKING SUPPOSE MECHANIC RESIGNS TWO ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS ACT 1: MECHANIC #1, $17/HR LABOR COST, 3 CARS/HR ACT 2: MECHANIC #2, $19/HR, 4 CARS/HR 8 HRS/DAY MINIMIZE TOTAL COST TOTAL COST = WAITING COST + LABOR COST LABOR COST = (8)(COST/HR) WAIT COST = (#HRS WAITING)($10) AVERAGE #CARS ARRIVE/HR= 2 TOTAL #CARS/DAY = 8(2