国小数学文字题解题计算机鹰架之成效和潜在问题.pdfVIP

GCCCE2013 国小数学文字题解题计算机鹰架之成效与潜在问题 Computer-based Scaffolds for Solving Mathematical Word Problems: Outcome and Potential Problems * 郑年亨 ，廖长彦，刘中琪，陈德怀 “中央”大学网络学习科技研究所 台湾 *hercy@CL.ncu.edu.tw 【摘要】鹰架可以协助学生发展自己的能力，并与先备知识做链接，将新的知识内化，因此成为广泛的教学策 略。本研究以国小数学文字题为例，设计了一个国小文字题的计算机解题鹰架，并探讨此解题鹰架对于国小三 年级学生之文字题解题能力与计算机操作方式的影响，以了解学生使用鹰架的状况。本研究发现计算机解题鹰 架可以增进学生的文字题解题能力，有效降低判断多余条件与计算方法的错误率，也能够提升理解题意的能力。 本研究也注意到鹰架可能会限制学生的思考，剥夺了学生自行解决的机会，进而让学生感觉解题过程是重复且 无趣的。因此，未来的设计必须重新检视鹰架的背后假设，并解决这种过度鹰架的潜在问题。 【关键词】计算机鹰架；问题解决；数学文字题 Abstract: This study designed computer-based scaffolds for solving mathematical word problems of primary education, and investigated its influence on the word problem solving ability of third-grade students. Besides, for understanding its usage better, this study also looked into how they used such scaffolds. This study found that the computer-based scaffolds could significantly improve their ability to solve mathematical word problems. In particular, the scaffolds could increase the correct rates for understanding the word problems, and decrease the error rates for determining superfluous information and appropriate operators. However, this study also noticed that scaffolds may limit students’ way of thinking, take away their opportunity to solve the problem by themselves, and hence, make them feel that problem solving was repetitive and boring. Keywords: computer-based scaffolds, problem solving, mathematical word problems 1.前言 鹰架法(scaffolding)现已成为广泛使用的教学策略，这是因为鹰架能够协助学生完成一个 人无法独自完成的学习活动，藉由链接新旧知识，帮助他拓展自己的能力。鹰架一开始是指 老师在教学互动的过程中帮助学生的方式(Wood, Bruner, Ross, 1976) ，后来衍生为有能力者 (例如家长、家教、或能力较好的同侪)帮助新手。若用Vygotsky(1978) 的近侧发展区间(Zone