毛细弹性耦合现象中若干力学问题.pdfVIP

毛细弹性耦合现象中若干力学问题1) 刘建林*,2) * （中国石油大学 （华东），青岛 266555 ） 摘要：毛细力诱致的弹性结构往往会发生很多变形，称之为毛细弹性耦合现象。本文针对毛细 弹性耦合现象中的毛细粘附问题进行了研究，回顾了本课题组最近几年的部分研究内容。这些 内容包括微梁的小变形粘附、大变形粘附、多级结构粘附和微板的毛细粘附问题。综合运用最 小势能原理、量纲分析和连续介质力学的手段，求解了上述结构毛细粘附时的临界尺寸，并进 行了部分结构优化。这些研究对于设计和研发新型的微器件、微机电系统、微型传感器以及超 疏水材料等将具有一定的参考价值。 关键词：毛细弹性耦合；毛细粘附；势能泛函；横截性条件；临界尺寸 引 言 Capillary action of liquid exists widely in nature, which causes a lot of interesting phenomena in industry and our daily life. For example, water can be transported by capillary tubes in plants, the lotus and Lady’s mantle have the strong capability of self-cleaning, i.e. “lotus effect”,[1–3] water striders or spiders can walk or jump freely on water surface ,[4, 5] Texas horned lizard draws water by capillary action through thin channels that extend from its feet to mouth,[6] some millimeter-scale water-walking insects can arrive at the land with the help of a lateral capillary force originating from the meniscus surface,[7] shorebirds can remove a liquid drop with its beak opening and closing in a tweezering motion,[8] and the solid components floating at liquid interfaces can self-assemble automatically by their interacting forces.[9] Furthermore, capillary force or surface tension is closely related to various applications in industry, e.g., porous media, micro-fluidic devices, self-cleaning paints, and glass windows.[10, 11] Another important issue about surface tension is the capillary adhesion of micro-structures or devices. Wide attention has been attracted in the past decades on the adhesion of materials and devices at micro- and nano-scales, which may be caused by van der Waals force, Casimir force, capillary force or other interaction forces.[12–16] On one hand, adhesion may