弗洛伊德精神分析方法文学批评.pptVIP

The Psychological Approach: Freud Comments of the psychological approach The most controversial, most abused, and least appreciated by many readers. It can be fascinating and rewarding. Purpose To account briefly for the misunderstanding of psychological criticism To outline the psychological theory most commonly used as an interpretive tool by modern critics To show by examples how readers may apply this mode of interpretation to enhance their understanding and appreciation of literature Limitations Aesthetic inadequacy It can afford many profound clues toward solving a work’s thematic and symbolic mysteries, but it can seldom account for the beautiful symmetry of a well-wrought poem or of a fictional masterpiece. Abuses and misunderstandings of the Psychological Approach There are 3 abuses of the approach during the twentieth century. These abuses have given rise to a widespread mistrust of the psychological approach as a tool for critical analysis. Freud’s theory Iceberg theory He demonstrated that, like the iceberg, the human mind is structured so that its great weight and density lie beneath the surface (below the level of consciousness) Three premises That the most of the individual’s mental processes are unconscious All human behavior is motivated ultimately by what we could call sexuality Because of the powerful social taboos attached to certain sexual impulses, many of our desires and memories are repressed. Several corollaries of Freudian theory Three psychic zones: the id, the ego and the superego Several corollaries of Freudian theory Perhaps the most controversial (and, to many persons, the most offensive) facet of psychoanalytic criticism is its tendency to interpret imagery in terms of sexuality Several corollaries of Freudian theory Child psychology Different stages: Oral stage Anal stage Phallic stage Latency stage Genital stage Oedipus complex derives from the body’s unconscious rivalry with his fathe