雄配子体选择在遗传偏分离中的效应分析.pdfVIP

分子植物育种，2009 年，第7 卷，第5 期，第990-995 页 Molecular Plant Breeding, 2009, Vol.7, No.5, 990-995 专题介绍 Review 雄配子体选择在遗传偏分离中的效应分析 王石华* 丽江师范高等专科学校生命科学系, 丽江, 674100 * 通讯作者, wangshihua1983@163.com 摘 要 偏分离是一种广泛存在于生物中的遗传学现象，被认为是一种强有力的进化动力。本文从生殖隔 离因子、细胞质效应以及环境因素三个方面分析了雄配子体选择可能导致的遗传偏分离效应。研究证明，位 于细胞核基因组上的生殖隔离因子如配子体基因、不育基因等遗传因素导致的雄配子体选择是引起遗传偏 分离的主要原因；而细胞质核互作导致的雄性不育产生的雄配子选择同样可导致核基因发生遗传偏分离；非 遗传因素如环境温度等引起的雄配子选择也会导致遗传偏分离现象。 关键词 偏分离, 配子体选择, 生殖隔离, 细胞质效应, 环境因素 Effect of Segregation Distortion Causing by Male Gametic Selection Wang Shihua * Life Sciences Department of Lijiang Teachers College, Lijiang, 674100 * Corresponding author, wangshihua1983@163.com DOI: 10.3969/mpb.007.000990 Abstract Segregation distortion is a kind of genetic phenomenon, which extensively distributes in organisms and is regarded as a strong evolutionary force. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of segregation distortion might cause by male gametic selection from three aspects, i.e reproductive isolation, cytoplasmic effects and environ- mental factors. The result demonstrated that the main reason causing the segregation distortion was the male selec- tion that resulted from the genetic factors such as gametic or sterile gene (s) of reproductive isolation factors locat- ing in nuclear genome. Meanwhile, the segregation distortion of the nuclear gene could also be caused by male se- lection because of male sterility which dued to interaction between cytoplasm and nuclear. Further investigation revealed that male selection arising from non-genetic factors, for instance, environmental temperature, still lead to this phenomenon. Keywords Segregation distortion, Gametic selection, Reproductive isolation, Cytoplasmic effects, Environmen- tal factors 偏分离(segregation distortion)指在某一分离群体 (Drosophilamelanogaster) (Mange, 1968)、玉米(Zeamays 中基因的分离比例明显偏离孟德尔遗传规律的一种 L.) (Helentjaris et al., 1986; Gardiner et al., 1993; Lu et 遗传学现象(Lyttle, 1991) 。偏分离广泛存在于生物体 al., 2002)、珍珠粟(Pennisetumglaucum L.)