matlab_多项式插值与数据拟合.ppt

3.2 函数线性组合的曲线拟合方法 该方程的最小二乘解为: 其中 例 x=[0,0.2,0.4,0.7,0.9,0.92,0.99,1.2,1.4,1.48,1.5]; y=[2.88;2.2576;1.9683;1.9258;2.0862;2.109; 2.1979;2.5409;2.9627;3.155;3.2052]; A=[ones(size(x))，exp(-3*x), cos(-2*x).*exp(-4*x) ，x.^2]; c=A\y; c1=c c1 = 1.2200 2.3397 -0.6797 0.8700 图形显示 x0=[0:0.01:1.5]; A1=[ones(size(x0)) exp(-3*x0), cos(-2*x0).*exp(-4*x0) x0.^2]; y1=A1*c; plot(x0,y1,x,y,x) 数据分析 x=[1.1052,1.2214,1.3499,1.4918,1.6487,1.8221,2.0138,... 2.2255,2.4596,2.7183,3.6693]; y=[0.6795,0.6006,0.5309,0.4693,0.4148,0.3666,0.3241,... 0.2864,0.2532,0.2238,0.1546]; plot(x,y,x,y,*) 例 分别对x,y进行对数变换： x1=log(x); y1=log(y); plot(x1,y1) A=[x1, ones(size(x1))]; c=[A\y1]‘ c = -1.2339 -0.2630 exp(c(2)) ans = 0.7687 x=[0:0.1:1]; y=(x.^2-3*x+5).*exp(-5*x).*sin(x); n=8; A=[]; for i=1:n+1, A(:,i)=x.^(n+1-i); end c=A\y; vpa(poly2sym(c),5) ans = -8.2586*x^8+43.566*x^7-101.98*x^6+140.22*x^5-125.29*x^4+74.450*x^3-27.672*x^2+4.9869*x+.42037e-6 例 3.3 最小二乘曲线拟合 格式： [a, jm]=lsqcurvefit(Fun,a0,x,y) 例 x=0:.1:10; y=0.12*exp(-0.213*x)+0.54*exp(-0.17*x).*sin(1.23*x); f=inline(a(1)*exp(-a(2)*x)+a(3)*… exp(-a(4)*x).*sin(a(5)*x),a,x); [xx,res]=lsqcurvefit(f,[1,1,1,1,1],x,y); xx,res Optimization terminated successfully: Relative function value changing by less than OPTIONS.TolFun ans = 0.1197 0.2125 0.5404 0.1702 1.2300 res = 7.1637e-007 修改最优化选项： ff=optimset; ff.TolFun=1e-20; ff.TolX=1e-15; % 修改精度限制 [xx,res]=lsqcurvefit(f,[1,1,1,1,1],x,y,[],[],ff); xx‘,res ％ []变量界 Optimization terminated successfully: Relative function value changing by less than OPTIONS.TolFun ans = 0.1200 0.2130 0.5400 0.1700 1.2300 res = 9.5035e-021 绘制曲线： x1=0:0.01:10; y1=f(xx,x1); plot(x1,y1,x,y,o) 例 x=0.1:0.1:1; y=[2.3201,2.6470,2.9707,3.2885,3.6008,3.9090,4.2147,4.5191, 4.8232,5.1275]; function y=c8f3(a,x) y=a(1)*x+a(2)*x.^2.*exp(-a(3)*x)+a(4); a=lsqcurvefit(c8f3,[1;2;2;3],x,y); a Maximum nu