吉大编译课件Parsing.ppt

Compiler Construction Principles Implementation Techniques Dr. Zheng Xiaojuan Professor Software College of Northeast Normal University March. 2010 Role of Parsing in a Compiler What will be introduced About Parsing General information about a Parser (parsing) Functional requirement (input, output, main function) Process General techniques in developing a Parser How to define the syntax of a programming language? Why not regular expressions? (not enough) Context free grammar (上下文无关文法) How to implement a parser with respect to its definition of syntax? Top-down Parsing Bottom-up Parsing Knowledge Relation Graph § 3 Context Free Grammar Parsing 3.1 The Parsing Process （语法分析过程） 3.2 Context-free Grammars （上下文无关文法） 3.3 Parse Trees and Abstract Syntax Tree （语法分析树和抽象语法树） 3.4 Ambiguous （二义性） 3.5 Syntax of C0 Language （简单语言的语法） 3.1 The Parsing Process Function of a Parser Input : Token / TokenList Output: internal representation of syntactic structure Process Read tokens Establish syntactic structure – parse tree/syntax tree, according to the syntax definition (context free grammar); Check syntactical errors Syntactic Structures Rules for describing the structure of a well-defined program Syntax Errors Different Types of Syntax Errors Following token for a syntactic structure is wrong (后继单词错) Identifier/constant error (标识符或者常量错) Keyword error(关键字错) Start token for a syntactic structure is wrong(开始单词错) Unbalanced parentheses(括号配对错) Syntax Errors Dealing with Errors Once an error is detected, how to deal with it? Quit immediately, not practical Error recovery Error repair Error correction There is no “perfect” way to do it! Different Types of Parsing Methods Universal parsing methods for any grammars Cocke-Younger-Kasami algorithm Earley’s algorithm Top-down parsing methods (limited grammars)- predictive Recursive descendent parsing (递归下降法) LL(k) -- k=1 Bottom-up parsing methods (limited grammars) – shift-reduce SLR(k) LR(k) LALR(k) Operator-precedence