第五章凝固(题解).pdfVIP

5 3 1. 1cm 10 60 -29 3 -2 1.6×10 m σ 0.177J?m T 1356K SL m ? ??Gi ? ni n exp? ? ? kT ? 10 60 ?Gi V N ×?N ? r 3N? 1 3 r 4π 2 3N? 2 3 A 4πr 4π 4π 10 60 3N? 2 3 3 ×10 ×16. ×10?29 2 3 ?20 ?G A γ 4π γ 4π × 0177. 25.2 ×10 J 10 10 4π 2 3 4π 3N? 2 3 3 × 60 ×16. ×10?29 2 3 ?20 ?G A γ 4π γ 4π × 0177. 833. ×10 J 60 60 4π 2 3 4π 3 1 1 22 ?3 cm Cu 6 25 10 n . × cm ? 16 10?23 . × 3 1cm 10 60 ? ??G10 ? 22 25.2 ×10?20 16 ? 3 n10 n exp? ? 6.25 × 10 exp ? ?23 8.85 × 10 cm ? kT ? 138. × 10 × 1356 ? ??G60 ? 22 833. × 10?20 ?3 n60 n exp? ? 6.25 × 10 exp ? ?23 2905 cm ? kT ? 138. × 10 × 1356 3 -5 -2 2. 1728KV 6.6cm /mol/γ 2.25×10 J?cm S 1cm1μm0.01μm ? ?H 18066J/mol 2κ V γ T T T ? S m m ?H m r ?5 . . 2 ×1 × 6 6 × 2 25 ×10 ×1728 r 1728 ? ≈ 1728K 1cm 18066 4 ?5 × × . × . × × 2 10 6 6 2 25 10 1728 r 1728 ? ≈ . K 1727 71 1μm 18066 6 ?5 × × . × . × × 2 10 6 6 2 25 10 1728 r 1728 ? ≈ . K 1699 5 0.01μm 18066 3. K 0.18 3 ? V ?0.26cm /mol ?T 018. ×1728 311K dT T ?V ?H ?T ? m ?p ? m dp ?H T ?V m m 5-1 18066 × 311 10 ?p Pa 1.25 ×10 Pa ?6 . 1728 × 0 26 × 10 4. rmax ?T i exp ??G /kT i rmax r n exp ??G /kT max i i r ?G /kT max i ?G ?G /kT n n i i i i ?G r r i max max 1 5. ?G* V * ?GV 2 ?G*1/3 ?G? V ??GV + V ? + 3?G? ? 1 ? ?G ? V ?G V 2 6. αθα θ ?G? V ? B inh inh ?G? V ? h h B α α 90°?θ/r→∞ B→0 / Rr R R ?T 2 T R γ m ?H ?T m 4 T γ m ?T ?H D sinθ m α≤90°?θ/ 5-2 7. T 1336Kγ 0.132γ 1.128γ 1.400J?m-2SL m SL LV SV 9 -3 V Tm 1.2×10 J?m γ SL +γ LV γ SV G I δ 1?δ G ?G II ?H ?T ?G GII ? GI δ GL ? GS + γ LV + γ SL ? γ SV δ m + ?γ T m ?γ γ LV +γ SL ?γ SV δ→0 ?G→0?γ →0γ LV +γ SL → γ SV // δ0 δ0 ?G 0 δmax ? T γ m δ max ?H ?T m δmax 10nm?T ? T γ 014 ×1336 ?T m . 15 6K ?H δ 12 × 109 × 10 × 10?9 . . m max 15.6K ?5 δmax 10mm?T 1.56×10 K 8. ?S 4R R ξ 0.5 α≤2 ?Sm ?Hm/Tm ?H ?S α ξ m ξ m RT R m ξ 0.5 αR 2R ?S 4R m ξ 05