沿海岸地貌结构对潮能耗损和防灾功能影响的景观生态机理分析--以杭州湾和钱塘江河口为例.pdfVIP

沿海岸地貌结构对潮能耗损与防灾功能影响的景观生态机理分析 -以杭州湾与钱塘江河口为例 1’2 1 3 张世瑕 ，王紫雯 潘彩霞 （1. 浙江大学 建筑工程学院， 浙江 杭州 310027 ；2.浙江同济科技职业学院 建筑系，浙江 杭州 312312;3.浙 江科技学院建筑工程系，浙江 杭州 310023 ） 摘 要：以钱塘江河口、杭州湾为例，利用景观生态学的理论与景观特征指标的量化分析方法，多层次探讨沿海 岸地貌结构、空间形态与河口海湾潮能耗损之间的关系，以及入海流域水涝灾害频发的景观生态机理。通过潮差 削减率与景观特征指标的相关分析和多元线性回归分析，在不考虑潮流断面和水深变化对潮差影响的情况下，潮 差削减率与潮流边界分维数和形态指数存在密切相关。研究表明：分维数和形态指数越大，潮差削减率越大，潮 能损失越大，对河口及其上游城市防灾极为有利。而大规模人为开发和建设对入海流域景观结构、形态产生了严 重的干扰、破坏，使河道变窄、形态单一，潮流所受阻力减小、潮能集聚增加，入海河口洪水受潮水顶托作用加 大、排水不畅导致流域生态防灾功能减弱、水涝灾害频发。在此基础上，探讨了有利于流域防灾和水环境的生态 围垦的科学途径。 关键词：潮能耗损、流域防灾、景观生态机理、景观特征指标、景观结构和功能 Analysis of Landscape Ecological mechanism of impact of Coastal geomorphological structure on the dissipation of tidal energy and the function of the disaster prevention — illustrated with Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang estuary ZHANG Shi-xia1,2 ,WANG Zi-wen 1 , PAN Cui-xia3 （1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejing University, Hangzhou 310027, China; 2. Department of Architecture Engineering, Zhejiang Tongji Vocation College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China; 3. Department of Architecture Engineering ， Zhejiang Science and Technology College ，Hangzhou 310023, China ） Abstract: Illustrated with Qiantang estuary , Hangzhou Bay, the relationship between structure of coastal geomorphology and dissipation of tidal energy were analyzed and the landscape ecological mechanism of watershed flood was studied based on the theory of the landscape ecology and quantitative assessment method of landscape characteristic index. By Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis between reduction rate by tidal range and landscape characteristics indx, such as fractal dimension and shape index, respectively, the close re