外文翻译--水污染和社会的关系.doc

外文文献 英文资料 WATER POLLUTION AND SOCIETY By David Krantz and Brad Kifferstein ?INTRODUCTION ???? Comprising over 70% of the Earth’s surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet.? Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper.? Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate.? In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes.? In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution. POINT AND NONPOINT SOURCES ??? According to the American College Dictionary, pollution is defined as:? “to make foul or unclean; dirty.”? Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water.? When it is unfit for its intended use, water is considered polluted.? Two types of water pollutants exist; point source and nonpoint source.? Point sources of pollution occur when harmful substances are emitted directly into a body of water.? The Exxon Valdez oil spill best illustrates a point source water pollution.? A nonpoint source delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes.? An example of this type of water pollution is when fertilizer from a field is carried into a stream by rain, in the form of run-off which in turn effects aquatic life.? The technology exists for point sources of pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may complicate matters. Nonpoint sources are much more difficult to control.? Pollution arising from nonpoint sources accounts for a majority of the contaminants in s