英文翻译--计算机与设计.docVIP

Computer and Design The computer has had a major impact on the way everyday tasks associated with design are accomplished .It can be used in many ways to do many things. However, all design tasks accomplished using a computer fall into one of four broad categories: *design modeling *design analysis *design documentation 1. Design Modeling In CAD/CAM design modeling, a geometric model of a product is developed that describes the part mathematically. This mathematical description is converted to graphic form and displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). The geometric model also allows the graphic image to be easily edited and manipulated once displayed. The process begins when a designer creates a graphic image using a special ICG software package. The image is created by entering commands that cause the computer to construct the image out of points, lines, circles, and curves. To create a graphic image, the computer must translate the geometric characters into a corresponding mathematical model. What appears to the designer as a graphic image is stored in the computer as a series of mathematical coordinates. As the designer issues commands to edit or manipulate a graphic image, the computer revises the mathematical model .The computer must first change the geometric model before it can change the graphic image, and it must calculate the mathematical coordinates of a geometric character before it can display that character. Graphic images are displayed in one of three formats: ．two-dimensional or 2-D ．two-and-a-half-dimensional or 21/2-D ．three-dimensional or 3-D These three formats are illustrated in Fig.2.3 , 2.4 and 2.5 .A2-D graphic image shows an orthographic(flat) representation and usually shows two or more views (e.g. ,top ,front ,and right side).A 21/2-D graphic image is an oblique representation . A 3-D graphic image may be a wireframe model or a true 3-D solid model (Fig2.6). Communication can be enhanced further when graphic images are displayed in color .Ma